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Engine running status
Power performance: If the injector does not work properly, it will cause poor fuel injection and reduce the engine power. For example, when accelerating, the vehicle reacts slowly and cannot achieve normal acceleration performance. It lacks power when climbing a slope, and even feels less powerful than before when driving on a flat road. This may be a problem with the injector, affecting the fuel supply and combustion efficiency.

Operation stability: Injector failure may cause engine shaking. At idle, you can clearly feel the engine shaking regularly or irregularly, and you can feel the vibration of the seat and steering wheel when sitting in the car; during driving, you can also detect that the engine is not running smoothly. This may be caused by abnormal operation of individual injectors, resulting in uneven operation of each cylinder.

Starting difficulties: Under normal circumstances, the engine can start quickly. If the injector fails, such as the injector nozzle is blocked or leaking, the fuel cannot be accurately injected into the cylinder to form a good combustible mixture at start-up, resulting in difficulty in starting. It may take several turns of the key to start, or even failure to start.

Exhaust emission
Abnormal color: When the injector does not work properly, the fuel will not burn completely and the exhaust color will change. If the exhaust is black, it means that the mixture is too rich. It may be that the injector sprays too much fuel or the fuel atomization is not good, resulting in the fuel being discharged before it is completely burned; if the exhaust is white and has water vapor, it may be that the injector failure causes the engine operating temperature to be abnormal, causing the coolant to enter the cylinder to participate in the combustion, and a large amount of white water vapor is discharged.

Odor: Normal exhaust has a light gasoline or diesel smell, but it is not pungent. If the injector failure causes incomplete combustion, there will be a strong smell of unburned fuel in the exhaust, and even a pungent smell. This is because the unburned fuel reacts chemically at high temperature after being discharged to produce odor.

Fuel consumption
Fuel injector failure can cause inaccurate fuel injection, resulting in increased fuel consumption. If you find that the fuel consumption of the vehicle is significantly higher than before, and the amount of fuel added is significantly increased under the same mileage, and after excluding factors such as driving habits and road conditions, it is likely that there is a problem with the injector, such as nozzle leakage or excessive fuel injection, so that the fuel cannot be effectively used for work, but is wasted.

Professional test results
Use a fault diagnostic instrument: Modern cars have electronic control systems, and professional fault diagnostic instruments can read the fault codes stored in the engine control unit (ECU). If there are fault codes related to the injector, such as injector circuit failure, abnormal injector performance, etc., it means that there may be a problem with the injector. At the same time, the fault diagnostic instrument can also read the working data of the injector, such as injection pulse width, injection time, etc., and judge whether the injector is working properly by comparing with the standard data.

Injector atomization detection: The injector can be removed from the engine and atomization detection can be performed using professional injector cleaning and testing equipment. Install the injector on the testing equipment, pass the fuel of the specified pressure, and observe the injection atomization of the injector. A normal fuel injector should spray out uniform and fine mist fuel. If the fuel sprayed by the fuel injector is in columnar or droplet shape, or the atomization is uneven, and there is an obvious oil beam biased to one side, it means that the atomization performance of the fuel injector is not good and needs to be repaired or replaced.

Fuel system pressure detection: Injector leakage will cause abnormal fuel system pressure. Use a fuel pressure gauge to detect the fuel system pressure, and observe the drop in fuel pressure after the engine is turned off. If the fuel pressure drops too quickly, it means that there is a leak in the fuel system, which may be caused by poor seal of the fuel injector. The fuel leak needs to be further checked.

The above methods can help determine whether the injector needs to be replaced, but for some complex faults, it is recommended that professional car maintenance personnel conduct a comprehensive inspection and diagnosis to ensure that the cause of the fault is accurately determined and the correct maintenance measures are taken.